Origin and value of the collection
The Collection of Physics Instruments preserves a scientific heritage of great historical value, composed of instruments used for teaching and research between the 18th and 20th centuries. It is one of the most significant collections of the University Museum System of Siena and testifies to the development of physical studies in the University and in the Italian context.
The instruments come from the historical laboratories of the University and document the evolution of classical physics, electromagnetism, optics, mechanics, and thermodynamics.
Mechanics and electromagnetism
The collection includes instruments for mechanics experiments such as pendulums, precision scales, Atwood machines, and devices for studying motion and forces.
There are also instruments for electrostatics and electromagnetism, including Van de Graaff generators, electrostatic machines, galvanometers, coils, and devices for the demonstration of Faraday's and Ampère's laws.
Optics and thermology
The section dedicated to optics includes lenses, prisms, spectroscopes, dark rooms, and instruments for studying the refraction, diffraction, and polarization of light.
The collection also includes instruments for thermology and calorimetry, such as historical thermometers, calorimeters, pneumatic pumps, and devices for studying gases.
Instruments and scientific dissemination Some instruments are true examples of 19th-century scientific craftsmanship, made by specialized European workshops and characterized by precision and aesthetic care.
Many devices were used for public lessons and experiments, contributing to the dissemination of scientific culture among students and citizens before the advent of modern electronics.
Value of the collection today
The collection allows for the exploration of the history of experimental physics through original instruments, offering a direct insight into the ingenuity and scientific practices of the past. Visits are generally organized through the University Museum System of Siena, with openings by reservation during events and educational activities.
